31 Weeks Pregnant Symptoms: Week 31 Of Pregnancy And Prenatal Care

Updated:June 25, 2025 | Published:December 26, 2024 | ByPamela Li

31 weeks pregnant symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), mood swings, morning sickness, nail changes, and prodromal labor (false labor). 31 weeks pregnancy symptoms sometimes include leaking breasts, urinary incontinence, insomnia, lower back pain, and weight gain. Braxton Hicks contractions are often stronger, but it signals the onset of preterm labor if too frequent or accompanied by fluid leakage or bleeding.

The 31-week baby weighs approximately 1707 grams (60.21 ounces or 3.76 pounds) and measures about the size of a coconut. Key measurements include a biparietal diameter (head width) of 79 millimeters and a femur length of 59 millimeters.

Fetal movement intensifies as kicks and somersaults become more noticeable. Rapid brain development occurs, particularly in the cerebrum. Sleep patterns become more defined, and the baby’s eyes respond to light. External ears and genitals are well-formed, with nails nearly fully developed.

Pregnancy yoga (modified yoga) at 31 weeks reduces stress, anxiety, and back pain and improves sleep quality. Yoga promotes relaxation, improves birth outcomes, and helps maintain strength as the body changes.

A typical 31-week pregnant belly measures about 31 centimeters in fundal height. Body mass index (BMI) and amniotic fluid levels influence belly size.

Prenatal care during week 31 involves regular check-ups, prenatal tests, and preparing for childbirth through classes and self-care. Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, and staying informed help prepare for labor and delivery.

What is 31 weeks pregnant in months? 31 weeks pregnant is 7 months and 3 weeks within the third trimester of pregnancy. You are almost at the end of the eighth month of pregnancy.

What Are The Pregnancy Symptoms During Week 31?

Week 31 pregnancy symptoms include dyspnea, mood swings, morning sickness, nail changes, and prodromal labor. Below are common 31 weeks pregnancy symptoms.

• Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea): Dyspnea pertains to difficulty breathing, often attributed to pregnancy-related anatomic and physiological changes.  Dyspnea affects between 60-70% of women throughout pregnancy. Approximately 75% of 31 weeks pregnant women experienced difficulties in breathing during physical activity in a 2007 study from Canada, titled “Effects of human pregnancy and advancing gestation on respiratory discomfort during exercise,” conducted by Dennis Jensen et al. at Queen’s University, Kingston and published in Respiratory physiology & neurobiology.
• Mood Swings: Mood swings are sudden changes in maternal emotional state and temper, common during pregnancy’s early and late stages. Increased stress levels and changes in hormones like estrogen and progesterone heighten emotions, often causing the pregnant mother to feel emotionally unstable.
• Nausea And Vomiting (Morning Sickness): Nausea and vomiting are among the most frequently reported symptoms during pregnancy, with nausea often persisting throughout gestation. Morning sickness is associated with hormonal changes, such as increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen. Around 50-80% of pregnant women experience nausea, while 50% report vomiting and retching.
• Nail Changes: Nail growth accelerates during pregnancy, accompanied by changes in nail quality. Alterations in nail growth, shape, color, and texture are attributed to the interplay of hormonal, metabolic, and immunologic factors associated with pregnancy. Many pregnant women experience soft and brittle nails or develop ridges (Beau’s lines) in the nail plate.
• Prodromal Labor (Braxton-Hicks Contractions): Braxton-Hicks contractions are sporadic uterine contractions, usually starting at around 6 weeks of gestation, becoming more apparent during the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women typically describe Braxton-Hicks contractions as uncomfortable but painless sensations similar to menstrual cramps. Braxton-Hicks contractions are the body’s way of preparing for labor but do not result in cervical dilations or true labor.
• Leaking Breasts: Leaky boobs during week 31 of pregnancy signify the production of colostrum (the first form of milk) in preparation for breastfeeding. Colostrum is initially secreted by alveolar cells between weeks 12-16. The thick, yellow fluid is often expressible from the mother’s nipples by the third trimester, including week 31.
• Urinary Incontinence (Involuntary Urination): Urinary incontinence (UI) occurs when the expanding uterus places pressure on the bladder and the pelvic floor muscles. Stress UI (leakage during coughing and sneezing) is the most common type of UI in pregnancy. The prevalence of UI in the third trimester is about 34%, with about 32% of women still experiencing UI a year after giving birth, according to a 2019 study from Indonesia titled “Stress urinary incontinence in relation to pelvic floor muscle strength and associated factors in the third trimester of pregnancy: A cross-sectional study,” by Astrid Yunita, Tyas Priyatini, published in F1000 Research.
• Insomnia (Trouble Sleeping): Many pregnant women experience difficulty sleeping due to urinary incontinence, shortness of breath, and back pain. Discomfort from changes in maternal weight and symptoms like leg cramps further reduce sleep quality. Symptoms of depression and fear of childbirth increase the likelihood of insomnia. Mothers in the third trimester, including week 31, are 2.03 times more likely to experience insomnia, according to a 2012 study from Turkey titled “Insomnia in Pregnancy and Factors Related to Insomnia,” by Aynur Kızılırmak et al., published in The Scientific World of Journal.
• Lower Back Pain (Lumbar Pain or LBP): Backache occurs because of pregnancy-related changes in body weight and fluctuating hormones. The mother’s balance shifts due to weight gain, placing strain on the spine, and the hormone relaxin causes joints to become looser, contributing to lower back pain. The prevalence of LBP during pregnancy ranges from 20% to 90%, according to a 2015 study titled “Low Back Pain and Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy,” by Danielle Casagrande et al., published in Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., with the intensity peaking between 24 and 36 weeks.
• Weight Gain: Maternal weight gain is essential to support fetal growth as your baby becomes bigger and heavier. Women with a standard pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) typically gain around 1 pound per week in the second and third trimesters, based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Inadequate weight gain is linked to fetal growth restriction, while excessive weight gain in the third trimester is associated with preterm birth and cesarean delivery.

What Is The Importance Of Understanding Being 31 Weeks Pregnant?

The importance of understanding being 31 weeks pregnant is recognizing how crucial prenatal care is for maternal health and fetal development. The baby at this stage measures about the size of a coconut, weighing around 1707 grams (60.21 ounces or 3.76 pounds). Movements become more prominent and easier to feel. Rapid brain growth occurs, with ridges (gyri) forming to enhance neural communication. Tracking fetal movements is essential to monitor the baby’s well-being. Increased activity reflects good health, and any changes require attention.

Prenatal appointments at week 31 remain essential. Ultrasounds measure growth using parameters such as biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), and abdominal circumference (AC) to assess whether the baby is growing within normal limits. Monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) during visits provides insight into heart health and overall condition.

Significant changes in the mother’s body occur at week 31. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing), mood swings, and Braxton-Hicks contractions, which are mild, irregular contractions preparing the uterus for labor, often arise. Nausea (morning sickness) often returns, along with noticeable nail changes due to hormonal fluctuations. Recognizing the symptoms as usual helps manage anxiety, but severe or concerning symptoms must be reported to the OBGYN (obstetrician-gynecologist or OB-GYN).

To maintain health, gentle exercises recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) help reduce stress and back pain and improve sleep. Physical activities help prepare the body for labor, improving flexibility and promoting relaxation. Attending childbirth classes offers valuable insights into labor and delivery.

Eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients supports maternal health and fetal growth. Foods high in iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids provide particular benefits at this stage. Maintaining a healthy intake of prenatal vitamins, such as folic acid and vitamin D, remains crucial.

Preparation for potential labor complications like preterm labor becomes vital as the due date approaches. Preterm labor, occurring before 37 weeks, results in the birth of a preterm baby. Recognizing signs of preterm labor, such as regular contractions and water breaking, and seeking immediate medical attention is essential for the mother and baby.

Understanding developments at 31 weeks helps expectant mothers focus on necessary prenatal care, monitor fetal well-being, and manage physical and emotional changes. Tracking pregnancy week by week, proper preparation, and medical guidance during this time ensure the best outcomes for both mother and baby.

What To Expect At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

The 31-week pregnant mother must expect various physical and emotional changes as the baby grows rapidly. A common symptom involves shortness of breath (dyspnea), resulting from the expanding uterus pressing against the diaphragm, making breathing more difficult. Dyspnea affects around 75% of women during physical activity at week 31. Mood swings are third-trimester symptoms that arise due to fluctuating hormone levels, such as estrogen and progesterone, posing challenges to emotional stability.

Morning sickness, including nausea and vomiting, persists in some cases, though more commonly earlier in pregnancy. Hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) contribute to discomfort. Nail changes, such as softer or more brittle nails, become noticeable as pregnancy hormones affect growth and texture.

Prodromal labor (Braxton-Hicks contractions) presents as irregular, painless uterine contractions to help prepare the body for labor. Leaking breasts signal colostrum production, the first milk forming in preparation for breastfeeding.

Urinary incontinence occurs more frequently due to increased pressure on the bladder from the growing uterus. Some women experience insomnia due to discomfort, back pain, and anxiety about labor. Lower back pain frequently results from added weight and hormonal changes loosening the joints. Weight gain remains essential for supporting the baby’s development, with an average increase of about one pound per week.

The changes at 31 weeks pregnant indicate the mother’s adaptation to the growing baby and the body’s preparation for labor in the coming weeks.

How Is The Baby Developing At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Your baby grows to the size of a coconut and weighs approximately 1707 grams (60.21 ounces or 3.76 pounds) at 31 weeks pregnant. Key developmental milestones include increased fetal movement, well-defined sleep/wake cycles, and rapid brain growth. You likely feel stronger kicks, and visible movements are seen through the mother’s skin. The brain continues to develop ridges (gyri), and nerve pathways form to enhance communication within the nervous system.

The baby’s eyes open and respond to external light. Fully formed ears allow the baby to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar sounds. External genitals are well developed, with male fetuses showing clear testes descent and female fetuses having distinct labia. Fingernails are nearly fully formed and continue to grow.

The developmental changes in the 31st week indicate the baby is preparing for life outside the womb, with senses like hearing and vision becoming more functional.

How Big Is Your Baby At Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

Your 31-week-old baby is better measured in biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and humerus length rather than crown-rump length (CRL). The 31-week-old fetus is about the size of a coconut. The 50th percentile measurements for 31-week fetal growth are as follows: the biparietal diameter (BPD) is 79 millimeters, the head circumference (HC) is 289 millimeters, the abdominal circumference (AC) is 269 millimeters, the femur length (FL) is 59 millimeters, and the humerus length (HL) is 53 millimeters.

The 31-week-old fetus weighs 1707 grams (60.21 ounces or 3.76 pounds), according to the 2017 World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts published in PLoS Medicine.

What Are The Key Developmental Milestones Of Babies At Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

Key developmental milestones of babies at week 31 of pregnancy include fetal movement, sleep/wake cycles, brain development, eyes opening, and external ears forming. Here are 8 key developmental milestones of babies in week 31.

1. Fetal Movement: Fetal movement increases in strength and frequency at 31 weeks. Your baby’s movements range from softer actions like wriggling and playing with their hands to more forceful movements like kicking and somersaulting. Many mothers see their baby’s movements under the skin and feel increased movements when putting their hands on their abdomen.
2. Sleep/Wake Cycles: Your baby’s sleep patterns become more defined between weeks 28-31, with clear differences between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM sleep, and less organized ambiguous sleep. Ambiguous sleep gradually decreases, while REM and non-REM sleep increase, indicating the development of sleep/wake cycles. The baby’s brainstem develops, making the sleep patterns more distinguished.
3. Brain Development: Rapid brain development occurs in the third trimester, with the cerebrum (upper part of the brain) growing by 10-17% per week between weeks 24-40, according to a 2020 study from the United States titled “In vivo characterization of emerging white matter microstructure in the fetal brain in the third trimester,” by Simon K. Warfield et al., published in Human Brain Mapping. Ridges (gyri) form in the anterior temporal lobe of the fetal brain at 31 weeks, and nerve fiber bundles develop in the brain’s white matter, supporting communication and information processing throughout the nervous system.
4. Eyes Open: The fetal visual system becomes functional by week 31, allowing for directed vision when exposed to sufficient light. Your baby shows increased responses to light passing through the mother’s abdomen, according to a 2020 study from the UK titled “Fetal eye movements in response to a visual stimulus,” by Vincent M. Reid et al., published in Brain Behavior.
5. External Ears Form: Your baby’s ears have taken shape by week 31, measuring between 21.4 mm and 31.2 mm. Auditory canals are visible after 29 weeks. The outer part of the ear is formed and is typically the easiest to see.
6. External Genitals Form: Genital differentiation is distinguishable by 14 weeks for male fetuses, with continued growth throughout the second and third trimesters. The gubernaculum (a fold in the genitals) develops between 25–35 weeks, facilitating the descent of the testes to the abdominal wall. The male fetus’ penis measures approximately 1.53 cm in length, while the scrotum has a diameter of about 2.21 cm. Genital differentiation begins at 11 weeks and becomes well-defined by week 20 for female fetuses. The female fetus’ labia measures approximately 1.47 cm in diameter by week 31.
7. Fingernails Develop: Your baby’s nails at week 31 are almost fully formed and look more like tiny fingernails, according to a 2021 study titled “A Comprehensive Study Regarding the Intrauterine Development of Nails.” The nail plate (the hard, visible part of the nail) has formed, and nails have started to grow out from under the skin.
8. Hearing Development: Your baby is able to tell the difference between familiar and unfamiliar sounds in week 31. The fetal heart rate increases upon hearing the mother’s voice but slows down when a stranger’s voice is heard. Fetal responses to familiar and unfamiliar voices indicate the baby is learning to recognize different sounds based on previous listening experience. Loud noises outside the womb, like a car horn, sometimes startle your baby, causing movement in response.

How To Know If Your Baby Is Healthy During Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

To know if your 31-week-old baby is healthy, attend regular prenatal appointments, go for ultrasounds, track fetal movement, monitor your health, and monitor fetal heart rate (FHR). Here are 5 ways to know if your baby is healthy at 31 weeks.

1. Attend Prenatal Appointments: Regular checkups with your OBGYN help monitor your baby’s health and ensure proper maturing. High-risk pregnancies need more frequent surveillance as your baby gets larger and heavier during week 31 of pregnancy. Your OBGYN assesses your blood pressure, weight gain, and other factors to ensure normal progress.
2. Schedule Ultrasound Scans: An ultrasound exam at week 31 provides a detailed look at your baby’s anatomy, including the baby’s bones and skull development. Ultrasounds help to measure your baby’s size from head to heel and track fetal weight. Ultrasound results help healthcare providers guide you through any potential abnormalities and issues early on, ensuring your baby’s body is developing as expected.
3. Track Fetal Movement: Monitoring fetal movement (quickening) is one of the oldest and most effective methods for assessing your baby’s health. Your baby is kicking, making faces, and even sleeping in regular patterns by week 31. Fetal movements typically increase in strength and frequency between weeks 28 and 32 of pregnancy, according to a 2017 study titled ‘Maternal perception of fetal movements in the third trimester: A qualitative description.’ Decreased fetal movement (DFM) early in the third trimester is linked to stillbirth or fetal growth restriction. Consult your OBGYN immediately if you notice unusual changes or decreased quickening.
4. Monitor Maternal Health: Your health is a good indicator of your baby’s well-being. Maintaining a healthy diet, staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and managing stress at week 31 contribute to healthy development as your baby grows and matures.
5. Check Baby’s Heartbeat: Monitoring fetal heartbeat during prenatal visits helps ensure the fetus is healthy. Average fetal heart rate (FHR) ranges from 110 to 160 beats per minute, with significant deviations indicating distress. An OBGYN uses Doppler ultrasound and physical examinations to monitor fetal heart activity and ensure your baby has enough oxygen and nutrients at week 31.

What Are The Benefits Of Pregnancy Yoga?

Benefits of pregnancy yoga include a decrease in maternal stress, anxiety, depression, lower back pain, migraines, sleep disturbances, pain during labor, and duration of labor, according to a 2022 study from Ireland titled “The characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” by Jessica Eustace-Cook et al., published in BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Pregnancy yoga is a modified type of yoga designed for pregnant women. Prenatal yoga involves modified poses that accommodate a pregnant woman’s shifting balance. However, avoid hot yoga and poses that require you to be still or lie on your back for long periods, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

Yoga is a low-impact exercise involving a combination of postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. The breathing exercises utilized during yoga activate the parasympathetic nervous system, helping to relax the body and counteracting the natural physiological adaptations during pregnancy, such as increased cardiac output, heart rate, and plasma volume. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system offers further potential benefits for hypertension and diabetes.

Women who participate in yoga during pregnancy experience improved birth outcomes, such as higher birth weight and a decreased risk of preterm labor and fetal growth restriction. Yoga practice is easy to adapt to your growing body as pregnancy progresses, helping mothers maintain strength and fitness and reduce stress.

What Are The Changes In The Mother’s Body At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Changes in the mother’s body at 31 weeks pregnant include dyspnea, mood swings, nausea and vomiting, nail changes, and Braxton-Hicks contractions. Here are 10 changes in the mother’s body at week 31 of pregnancy.

• Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea): The growing uterus pushes against the diaphragm, making breathing more difficult, particularly during physical activity.
• Mood Swings: Hormonal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone trigger emotional instability and sudden mood changes.
• Nausea and Vomiting (Morning Sickness): Nausea often persists into the third trimester due to hormonal changes.
• Nail Changes: Nails grow faster but become softer and more brittle. Ridges sometimes develop, or changes in texture and color occur.
• Braxton-Hicks Contractions (Prodromal Labor): Irregular, painless uterine contractions help the body prepare for labor without causing cervical dilation.
• Leaking Breasts: Colostrum, the first form of milk, sometimes begins leaking from the breasts as the body prepares for breastfeeding.
• Urinary Incontinence: Pressure from the expanding uterus on the bladder causes involuntary urine leakage, particularly during coughing or sneezing.
• Insomnia: Discomfort from weight gain, back pain, leg cramps, and other symptoms contribute to difficulty sleeping.
• Lower Back Pain: Increased body weight and the hormone relaxin strain the spine, leading to backache.
• Weight Gain: The mother typically gains around 1 pound per week to support fetal growth. Excessive or inadequate weight gain leads to complications.

How Big Is A 31-Week Pregnant Belly?

A 31-week pregnant belly has a fundal height of around 31 centimeters. The fundal height or symphysis-fundal height (SFH) is the distance from the pubic symphysis (a joint at the front of the pelvis) to the top of the uterus (fundus). The fundal height typically correlates with the gestational age. Therefore, a 31-week-pregnant belly measures around 31 centimeters, between 29 to 33 centimeters​​. The expanding uterus grows to accommodate the growing fetus. The 31-week pregnant uterus has grown enough to be palpated above the navel​ level.

Several factors affect uterine size and growth rate, such as the mother’s body mass index (BMI), the number of prior pregnancies, variations in the amount of amniotic fluid, or the different sizes of the fetus​. For example, women with higher BMI tend to have a slightly larger fundal height measurement than women with lower BMI.

Fundal height measurement has been routinely used in clinical practice to monitor fetal growth in the past. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) ANC Guidelines concluded there was inadequate evidence of using the SFH to predict fetal health.

Should You Be Concerned With Stronger Contractions At 31 Weeks Pregnancy?

Yes, you should be concerned with stronger contractions at 31 weeks of pregnancy. Braxton Hicks contractions—typically weak and lasting only a minute or two—are normal and harmless during pregnancy, whereas experiencing frequent uterine contractions (six or more in one hour) is not. Frequent uterine contractions are often a sign of preterm labor, according to a 2023 study from The United States titled “Braxton Hicks Contractions,” by Deborah A. Raines et al., published in StatPearls.

Contact your OBGYN or midwife immediately if you experience stronger or more frequent uterine contractions or if you experience other signs of preterm labor, such as bleeding or fluid leaking from your vagina.

What Are The Tips For Prenatal Care During Week 31?

Tips for prenatal care during week 31 include attending prenatal appointments, reporting symptoms, having an ultrasound scan, taking prenatal tests and vaccines, and attending childbirth classes. Here are 7 tips for prenatal care at 31 weeks pregnant.

• Attend Prenatal Appointments: Prenatal care involves regular visits with your OBGYN or midwife to monitor maternal and fetal health. Your OBGYN will likely schedule appointments every two weeks from weeks 28 to 36 to track the baby’s growth and assess potential risks.
• Report Symptoms: Report concerning symptoms like severe morning sickness or vaginal bleeding to your medical provider. Your OBGYN will assess the condition and provide appropriate treatment or support for your well-being and the baby’s healthy development.
• Have an Ultrasound: An ultrasound during week 31 reveals essential details about the baby’s growth and development and allows for assessment of amniotic fluid levels.
• Take Prenatal Tests and Vaccines: Prenatal tests at week 31 help detect health issues like anemia, gestational diabetes, or preeclampsia, allowing for early intervention. Vaccinations protect mother and baby against preventable diseases and reduce the risk of complications during or after pregnancy.
• Attend Childbirth Classes: Childbirth classes provide information about labor, delivery, and pain management techniques for expecting parents. Regularly attending childbirth classes helps the mother build confidence and mentally and physically prepare for labor.
• Engage in Physical Activities: To keep you and your baby healthy, participate in regular, safe exercises, such as walking and stretching.
• Take Prenatal Vitamins: Prenatal vitamins containing folic acid, iron, and calcium support maternal and fetal health by reducing the risk of birth defects. Rapid fetal development during week 31 makes vitamin intake especially important. Carefully monitor dosages to avoid problems associated with excessive intake.

How Important Is Prenatal Care At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Prenatal care is vital at 31 weeks pregnant to assess maternal health and fetal development and prepare for a safe, healthy delivery. Prenatal visits and screenings are often the primary focus of prenatal care in week 31.

Regular prenatal visits with your OBGYN or midwife are recommended every 2 weeks between weeks 28 and 36 of gestation. Screening tests for STI (sexually transmitted infections) such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), syphilis, and chlamydia are typically performed, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vaccinations for tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough are often recommended during the third trimester.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet is an integral part of prenatal care. Continue to take your prenatal vitamins, including folic acid and iron, to ensure your body has enough resources to sustain you and your baby until birth. Stay active and practice pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) to help strengthen the pelvic floor for delivery.

What Types Of Foods Are Beneficial To Eat During Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

Types of foods beneficial to eat during week 31 include a variety of nutrient-rich foods from all food groups to support your health and baby’s growth. Here are 15 beneficial foods to eat during the 31st week of pregnancy.

1. Calcium-rich Foods: Help build your baby’s bones and teeth. The best sources of calcium include cheese, dark green leafy vegetables, yogurt, and milk.
2. Iron-rich Foods: Support increased blood volume and help prevent anemia. Consume lean red meat, iron-fortified cereals, dried beans, peas, lentils, and tofu.
3. Iodine-rich Foods: Essential for baby’s brain development. Try fat-free dairy products, seafood, and eggs.
4. Choline-rich Foods: Important for your baby’s brain and spinal cord development. Sources of choline include beef liver, soy products, and peanuts.
5. Vitamin A-rich Foods: Support cell growth and immunity. Eat sweet potatoes, green leafy vegetables, carrots, and kale.
6. Vitamin C-rich Foods: Promote healthy skin and tissue repair. The best sources are broccoli, tomatoes, strawberries, and oranges.
7. Vitamin D-rich Foods: Important for healthy bone development. Try fortified milk, sardines, and fatty fish like salmon.
8. Vitamin B6-rich Foods: Aid in developing your baby’s brain and nervous system. Try whole-grain cereals and bread, oatmeal,  bananas, and pork.
9. Vitamin B12-rich Foods: Vital for your baby’s nervous system and red blood cell production. Sources of vitamin B12 include poultry, fish, milk, and lean meats.
10. Folic Acid-rich Foods: Help prevent birth defects and support overall growth. The best sources of folic acid include enriched bread and pasta, dark green leafy vegetables, orange juice, and fortified cereals.
11. Grains: Packed with iron and fiber, your growing baby needs for development. Best sources of grains include oats, quinoa, brown rice, and whole grains.
12. Fruits: Provide vitamins and minerals for your baby’s growth. Try fresh, dried, or frozen fruits.
13. Vegetables: Supply nutrients and help with digestion. Try a variety of colorful vegetables such as spinach, carrots, and tomatoes.
14. Protein: Consume foods rich in protein, like eggs, beans, nuts, and legumes, to support the proper growth of your baby’s tissues and organs.
15. Dairy: Packed with minerals and nutrients for fetal blood supply and growth. Eat cheese, yogurt, and milk.

What Exercises Can You Do During Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

Exercises you can do during week 31 of pregnancy include walking, summing, stationary bicycling, stretching, and kegel exercise, according to the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Here are the 5 exercises you can do during week 31 of pregnancy.

1. Walking: Walking is gentle on the pregnant mother’s joints while promoting overall fitness. Brisk walking is an excellent, low-impact cardio option, especially during the third trimester.
2. Swimming: Swimming is a low-impact activity that offers cardiovascular benefits and eases discomfort by relieving weight on the body. Swimming also helps reduce labor pain and provides an overall calming effect.
3. Stationary Bicycling: Cycling indoors helps maintain fitness without the risk of falling. Stationary cycling is a great way to keep your muscles and heart strong.
4. Stretching: Gentle stretching helps maintain flexibility and reduce pregnancy-related aches, especially as your belly grows in week 31.
5. Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegel): Pelvic floor exercises help strengthen the muscles supporting your bladder, uterus, and bowels, reducing the risk of urinary incontinence as your pregnancy progresses.

Aim for 150 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities, including core and strength training. Avoid high-risk activities involving high contact and high altitudes. Start slowly and stay hydrated. Your body works harder in the later stages of pregnancy, like week 31.

What Are The Things To Avoid At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Things to avoid at 31 weeks pregnant include alcohol, smoking, certain medications and supplements, recreational drugs, and caffeine. Here are 20 things that must be avoided at 31 weeks pregnant.

1. Alcohol: Consuming alcohol during pregnancy causes developmental issues and puts the baby at risk for developing cognitive and behavioral impairments like fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
2. Smoking and Secondhand Smoke: Smoking and secondhand smoke increase the risk of complications such as placental abruption, premature labor, and preterm birth, and increase the fetal risk for low birth weight and stillbirth, according to a 2020 study, “Exposure to Tobacco, Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine in Pregnancy” by Gillian S. Gould et al.
3. Recreational Drugs: Any recreational drug use in pregnancy results in serious health problems for your baby, such as developmental delays and birth defects.
4. Cannabis: Marijuana use during pregnancy leads to complications, including low birth weight and developmental issues.
5. Caffeine: Limit your caffeine intake to 200 mg daily to reduce the risk of miscarriage and low birth weight.
6. Certain Medications and Supplements: Consult your doctor before taking any medications, herbal remedies, or supplements to avoid potentially harmful effects on your baby.
7. High Mercury Fish: Avoid fish high in mercury, like swordfish, king mackerel, and shark, as mercury affects brain development.
8. Undercooked or Raw Meat: Avoid raw or undercooked meats to prevent the risk of infections like toxoplasmosis or listeria.
9. Unwashed Vegetables and Fruits: Wash all produce thoroughly to prevent foodborne illnesses like toxoplasmosis.
10. Deli Meats: Avoid deli meats unless thoroughly heated to prevent exposure to bacteria like listeria.
11. Unpasteurized Foods: Unpasteurized dairy products, soft cheeses, and raw eggs often carry harmful bacteria like listeria and salmonella.
12. Bagged Salads: Pre-packaged salads sometimes harbor harmful bacteria, carrying the risk of infection.
13. Strenuous Activities or Contact Sports: Avoid contact sports and similar activities to prevent the risk of falls and abdominal trauma or falls. Avoid moving furniture or doing heavy, potentially harmful chores.
14. Exposure to Chemicals and Toxins: Avoid toxic household cleaning products, pesticides, and other chemicals, putting your baby’s development at risk.
15. Hot Tubs and Saunas: Avoid hot tubs and saunas, as overheating decreases blood flow to your baby.
16. Gardening: Always wear gloves to avoid contact with potentially contaminated soil, which sometimes carries toxoplasmosis.
17. Cat Litter: Wear gloves and wash your hands whenever you change cat litter to prevent toxoplasmosis.
18. Stress: Take time for relaxation and self-care, as stress negatively affects your baby’s health.
19. Hair Dye: Studies about using hair dye during pregnancy remain inconclusive, but it’s best to avoid hair color due to the potential risks of chemical exposure. Consult your OBGYN for concerns and hair color alternatives.
20. Spicy Foods: Spicy foods often trigger and worsen pregnancy symptoms like heartburn and indigestion. Limit your intake or avoid spicy food completely if you experience heartburn.

Follow precautions and avoid harmful substances at 31 weeks to ensure a safer and healthier pregnancy. Always consult your healthcare provider for concerns.

What Can You Do to Prepare For Labor At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

You can prepare for labor physically and mentally at 31 weeks pregnant by stretching regularly, participating in childbirth classes, and seeking advice and resources about childbirth.

Regular stretches help prepare the body for labor and reduce pregnancy-related aches and pain. Childbirth classes provide valuable information about childbirth techniques, such as breathing and relaxation exercises, and potential childbirth and obstetric issues, like long delivery, to prepare you for any challenges.

Ask other moms and people you trust for advice, read pregnancy books and articles as, and watch childbirth videos to help you feel more confident about handling labor and the delivery of your baby.

What Are The Possible Complications That Can Happen At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Possible complications that can happen at 31 weeks pregnant include bacterial vaginosis, preeclampsia, preterm labor, placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Here are 6 possible complications that can happen at 31 weeks.

1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Vaginal discharge characterized by milky white fluid and mild odor is common in pregnancy, while dirty white or yellowish green, foul-smelling discharge indicates bacterial vaginosis (BV). Changes in the number of bacteria in the vagina cause BV. About 10% of pregnant women at 31.6 weeks were diagnosed with BV in a 2023 study titled “Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis.”
2. Hypertension and Preeclampsia: Hypertension and preeclampsia occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Hypertension is prevalent in 4.6 of pregnancies. Preeclampsia affects approximately 2.1% of pregnancies and is associated with preterm birth and placental abruption, according to a 2022 study titled “Physical morbidity and psychological and social comorbidities at five stages during pregnancy and after childbirth: a multicountry cross-sectional survey,” by Nynke van den Broek et al., published in BMJ Open. Signs of preeclampsia include bad headaches, vision problems, and sudden or severe swelling in the fingers, hands, or face.
3. Contractions/Preterm Labor: Contractions accompanied by tightening of the uterus, fluid leaking from your vagina, and low back pain between weeks 22 and 37 of pregnancy indicate preterm labor. Preterm labor often leads to preterm delivery, posing developmental delays and respiratory problems to the fetus.
4. Placenta Previa (Placental Abruption or Abruptio Placentae): Placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers, or is too close to, the cervix, resulting in bleeding in the lower uterine segment (LUS). Risk factors for placenta previa include smoking, multiple pregnancies, previous cesarian delivery, and maternal age over 35. An emergency cesarean delivery is performed in severe cases to ensure the safety of the mother and the baby.
5. Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM): Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) occurs when the amniotic sac breaks before 37 weeks of pregnancy. A sudden gush of fluid is the most common symptom of PPROM. Babies delivered after PPROM are at high risk of health problems, and timely treatment with close monitoring by an OBGYN is crucial for the well-being of mother and baby.
6. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Gestational Diabetes Mellitus occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or effectively use insulin to process blood sugar. Pregnant women face an increased risk of GDM due to hormonal changes and weight gain. GDM typically begins between 24 and 32 weeks.

Can Preterm Labor Occur at 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Yes, preterm labor can occur at 31 weeks pregnant. Preterm labor refers to labor that starts before 37 weeks of pregnancy. A baby born between 28-32 weeks is called “very preterm”.

The primary cause of preterm labor is an infection from the lower genital tract to the uterus, leading to uterine contractions, membrane rupture, and cervical changes, according to a 2017 study titled “Preterm Labor and Birth Management: Recommendations from the European Association of Perinatal Medicine,” by G. C. Di Renzo et al., published in the Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Other factors linked to preterm labor include the mother’s social and nutritional status.

Symptoms of preterm labor include regular contractions, pelvic pressure, menstrual-like cramps, watery vaginal discharge, and low backache. An OBGYN uses transvaginal ultrasound to differentiate between active labor and cervical insufficiency.

How Can A Partner Support The Mother At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

A partner can support the mother at 31 weeks pregnant through physical task assistance, healthy activities, open communication, physical affection, and emotional support. Here are 5 ways a partner can support the mother at 31 weeks.

• Physical Task Assistance: Help with chores, errands, and tiring tasks, especially since your partner is at week 31 of pregnancy. Take responsibility for grocery shopping and meal preparation to lighten your partner’s daily load. Handle the heavy lifting and ensure the mother has time to rest.
• Healthy Activities: Prepare nutritious meals and snacks together to encourage healthy eating. Suggest gentle exercises like walking or swimming and help manage stress through relaxation techniques to support health during week 31.
• Open Communication: Talk openly with your partner. Week 31 of pregnancy is filled with anxiety as the baby’s birth approaches. Share your fears, concerns, and needs with each other. Actively listen to strengthen your bond and feel more connected throughout the pregnancy.
• Physical Affection: Offer hugs or massages to reduce stress and anxiety. Displays of affection from a partner promote well-being and a sense of security, according to a 2006 study, “Effective social support: Antecedents and consequences of partner support during pregnancy.”
• Emotional Support: Provide emotional support during week 31 of pregnancy by listening to understand your partner’s feelings, reducing anxiety. Be patient and offer affirmation words, like complimenting your partner’s resilience.

What Prenatal Tests Are Needed At 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Prenatal tests needed at 31 weeks pregnant include blood tests, screening for Rhesus Disease, cell-free DNA screening (cfDNA), ultrasound, and fetal heart rate monitoring.

Blood tests assess maternal hemoglobin levels to check for iron-deficiency anemia. Blood tests are often performed in high-risk pregnancies between 28-36 weeks to screen for infections like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and chlamydia. An additional Rh blood test (Rhesus blood test) is conducted to detect Rh incompatibility, which occurs when an Rh-negative (blood type) mother is carrying an Rh-positive baby. The mother’s immune system produces antibodies that attack the baby’s red blood cells, leading to complications like anemia, according to a 2022 study from The United States titled “Rh Incompatibility,” by John Costumbrado et al., published in StatPearls. Rh-negative mothers are monitored for antibody levels, with testing starting as early as 24 weeks and becoming more frequent in the third trimester, including week 31.

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing is a prenatal blood test that screens for genetic conditions such as Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13. The cfDNA test is performed at any point from 10 weeks of pregnancy until the baby’s delivery.

Ultrasound is a routine test to monitor fetal health and development. An ultrasound involves placing a transducer on the mother’s abdomen to produce images using sound waves. Ultrasound at week 31 assesses fetal growth, amniotic fluid levels, and placental position and provides information about possible fetal abnormalities.

Abdominal electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive method for monitoring fetal heart rate (fHR). Electrodes are placed on the mother’s abdomen to capture the electrical activity of the mother’s and fetus’ hearts. Abdominal ECG is ideal for accurate fHR readings at week 31 because the fetus’ has developed vernix caseosa (fatty layer), which acts as an electrical insulator.

When Should You Call Your Doctor If Something Feels Wrong At Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

Call your doctor if you feel something is wrong at week 31 of pregnancy or if you experience any of the following 5 symptoms.

• Decreased Fetal Movement: Changes in your baby’s movement must be reported promptly to ensure timely intervention, as a decrease in fetal movement signals potential perinatal issues, such as fetal growth restriction or stillbirth. J. Frederik Frøen et al.’s 2008 study in Seminars in Perinatology associates decreased fetal movement with severe outcomes. Monitor fetal movements closely, paying attention to unusual cramping and seeking advice from your healthcare provider if you notice fewer than ten movements in two hours.
• Extreme/Sudden Swelling: Extreme puffiness of the hands and face often indicates preeclampsia, a serious pregnancy condition characterized by high blood pressure. Monitoring your blood pressure at home with a blood pressure monitor helps detect early signs. Additional symptoms of preeclampsia include persistent headaches, confusion, vision problems, sudden and severe swelling, and sudden weight gain. Preeclampsia has severe consequences for the mother and baby if left untreated.
• Persistent Headaches with Vision Changes: Headaches are common among pregnant women. However, a severe headache that doesn’t go away at week 31, especially along with blurred vision or other changes in your vision, is often another sign of preeclampsia (high blood pressure after 20 weeks gestation). Preeclampsia causes a spike in the mother’s blood pressure, leading to severe complications if left untreated. Contact your OBGYN immediately if you experience recurring headaches, vision changes, severe swelling, or pain in your upper right abdomen.
• Severe Vomiting: Severe vomiting during week 31 sometimes indicates hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a condition beyond normal morning sickness that leads to dangerous dehydration, weight loss, and complications like electrolyte imbalances or preeclampsia. Contact your doctor or visit the emergency department immediately if you experience severe nausea and vomiting that prevents food and fluid intake, as untreated HG results in serious health issues.
• Vaginal Bleeding: Frequent and severe bleeding, especially when accompanied by cramps, severe pain in the lower abdomen, severe cramping, or vaginal spotting, is associated with low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and other complications. Bleeding occurs in about 25% of pregnancies, increasing the risk of preterm delivery by three times, according to a 2013 study from Iran, titled “The relationship between vaginal bleeding in the first and second trimester of pregnancy and preterm labor,” conducted by Seyedeh Hajar Sharami, M.D. et al. at Guilan University of Medical Sciences and published in Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine.

What are the 31 weeks pregnant symptoms not to ignore?

31 weeks pregnant symptoms not to ignore include decreased fetal movement, sudden swelling, persistent headache with vision changes, severe vomiting, and vaginal bleeding. Contact your OBGYN immediately if something feels wrong you experience any symptoms, or you have concerns.

Are There Prenatal Vitamins Needed To Be Taken During Week 31 Of Pregnancy?

Yes, essential prenatal vitamins and minerals need to be taken during week 31 of pregnancy to support the mother’s health and the baby’s development. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends maintaining a steady intake of key vitamins and minerals throughout pregnancy.

Calcium is recommended at 1,000 milligrams for ages 19 to 50. Calcium is crucial for the baby’s bones and teeth development and protects the mother’s bone density during periods of rapid fetal growth, like week 31.

Iron, at 27 milligrams, supports the increased blood production needed to carry oxygen to the mother and baby. Iron also prevents anemia, which is common in the later stages of pregnancy.

Iodine, at 220 micrograms, helps the mother’s thyroid gland work efficiently during pregnancy and helps the baby’s brain and nervous system development.

Choline, required at 450 milligrams, plays an ongoing role in supporting the baby’s brain development during week 31, ensuring healthy neural function and reducing the risk of brain or spine defects.

Vitamin A, with a recommended 770 micrograms, is essential for the baby’s skin, eyes, and internal organs. Vitamin A supports the maturation of organs needed for life outside the womb, such as the lungs, heart, and kidneys.

Vitamin C, at 85 milligrams, supports the mother’s immune system and the baby’s connective tissue development. Vitamin C aids in iron absorption, making it a crucial nutrient throughout pregnancy.

Vitamin D, at 600 international units, is vital for developing the baby’s bones and teeth. Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphate levels necessary for maintaining healthy bone growth in the baby and mother.

Vitamin B6, at 1.9 milligrams, provides energy to the mother by breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Vitamin B6 contributes to the baby’s brain development and helps reduce nausea.

Vitamin B12, needed at 2.6 micrograms, supports the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system. Adequate B12 levels are essential for healthy fetal development and reduced risk of certain neurological defects.

400 micrograms of folic acid help support cell growth and development, which is crucial for mother and baby as the end of pregnancy nears.

Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific needs for recommendations of the right prenatal vitamins and guidance on maintaining a balanced diet rich in nutrients.

What Does Parenting Styles Suggest About 31 Weeks Pregnant?

Parenting Styles suggests packing your hospital bag, having your birth plan ready, and creating a post-birth support plan at week 31 of pregnancy.

“Your birth plan prepares you for delivery, but a post-birth support plan prepares you for the beautiful, yet challenging, journey after birth. A post-birth support plan includes care for yourself, not just the baby. Line up resources, such as meals, support networks, and time for self-care, to ease your recovery and transition into parenthood,” says Pamela Li, author, Founder, and Editor-in-Chief of Parenting Styles.

Congratulations on being 31 weeks pregnant!